Long-term cadmium exposure primarily affects which organ?

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Multiple Choice

Long-term cadmium exposure primarily affects which organ?

Explanation:
Long-term cadmium exposure is most damaging to the kidneys because cadmium accumulates in renal tissue over time and disrupts tubular reabsorption. Cadmium binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney, where it concentrates in proximal tubule cells. Chronic exposure impairs their function, leading to nephrotoxicity characterized by proteinuria, glycosuria, and reduced concentrating ability. While cadmium can be stored in the liver and inhalation exposure can affect the lungs acutely, the hallmark effect of prolonged exposure is kidney damage.

Long-term cadmium exposure is most damaging to the kidneys because cadmium accumulates in renal tissue over time and disrupts tubular reabsorption. Cadmium binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney, where it concentrates in proximal tubule cells. Chronic exposure impairs their function, leading to nephrotoxicity characterized by proteinuria, glycosuria, and reduced concentrating ability. While cadmium can be stored in the liver and inhalation exposure can affect the lungs acutely, the hallmark effect of prolonged exposure is kidney damage.

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